In this work, based on documentary materials and the works of researchers, the role of scientists in the preservation and reproduction of breeding stock and collective herds of agricultural animals during the German-Soviet war and the post-war period is highlighted. Thanks to the application of historical-scientific analysis, it was established that in the conditions of the destruction of the economic complex of the Ukrainian Republic, scientists of the Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine made significant efforts to treat animals and combat pests that were actively spreading throughout the country after the movement of numerous herds. In order to localize outbreaks of infectious diseases, scientists were engaged in surveying territories with the subsequent development of methods of treatment of farm animals, as well as prevention of the spread of infectious and invasive diseases.

It was found that during 1943–1945 the following diseases were detected: anthrax, brucellosis, plague, encephalomyelitis, foot and mouth disease, hemosporidiosis diseases, etc. As a result of the spread of these diseases, hundreds of thousands of farm animals of various species died.

The Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine covered almost the entire range of diseases and plagues affecting farm animals with its research. Scientists studied the immunological properties of viruses, observed pathomorphological and biophysiological changes in animals due to the incidence of certain diseases, diagnosed diseases, etc. Based on the research results, scientists have developed instructions, provisions, and guidelines for veterinary and zootechnical specialists. The situation was complicated due to the lack of vaccines for vaccinations, biological preparations, disinfectants, etc. It has been proven that scientists in the difficult conditions of the post-war period restored the work of research institutions, experimental bases, and laboratories. Measures were taken to restore the network of veterinary and zootechnical institutions and services, priority planned work on the elimination and prevention of diseases of farm animals was determined.

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