This article examines the process of creating and putting into operation the first electronic computers in the Soviet Union, the Small Electronic Calculating Machine («MESM»), as well as one of the subsequent developments, the «Kyiv» electronic computer. These technological achievements became a crucial stage in the birth and development of domestic cybernetics, laying the foundation for further expansion and improvement of computing systems and information technologies. Kateryna Lohvynivna Yushchenko (1919-2001) was part of the group of specialists who were actively involved in the development of mathematical software for these devices, and was one of the first operators who worked with «MESM». Later this experience was used in the development of the «Kyiv» computer. The research conducted during the «Kyiv» computer project played a key role in the creation of the first national programming language, known as the «Address Programming Language». This was the first fundamental achievement of the Kyiv scientific school of theoretical programming.

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