The article examines the problem of scientific support for the development of agriculture in the first quarter of the 20th century. This historical period is important from the point of view of the formation of the scientific and organizational foundations of the agrarian industry and the search for solutions for improving the methods of research work by agrarian scientists. It was found out that these years were a period of rapid development of scientific research in agriculture, the growth of the role of agronomic science. To some extent, this served to increase the productivity of agricultural production. It is emphasized that the evolutionary process of the development of agrarian science was interrupted with the beginning of the First World War, and as a result, the yield decreased and the food problem became more acute. The problems of overcoming the food crisis accompanied the activities of all governments that were in power, and were especially acute during the governance of the Soviet power structures. As a result of Bolshevik experiments in agriculture, the so-called agrarian reform, agricultural production was finally destroyed. The liquidation of landlord land ownership and the productive, profitable farming of peasants intensified the food crisis. It has been proven that these two agricultural groups of producers satisfied the needs of the state in food products, especially the bread and fodder component. With the final establishment of the Soviet power in Ukraine, the government, on the initiative of the real aspirants of agronomic science – agrarian scientists, was forced to take appropriate measures to build a network of research structures. This gave an impetus to the development of the latest, effective agronomic methods, methods and methods of farming, soil cultivation, increasing the productivity of the crop and livestock branches of agriculture.

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