The article analyzes the socio-economic, historical and demographic characteristics of the population of the village of Kyselivka, the center of the Chernihiv Regiment's hundred, in particular, such as gender and age structure, marriage, family, and health, based on archival materials from the General Description of the Left-Bank Ukraine (1765–1769), works by M. Vasylenko, V. Kryvoshea, O. Lazarevsky, P. Fedorenko and others.

There search methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, anthropologization, and interdisciplinarity. The relevance of this topicis that the history of Hetmanate settlements has not yet been sufficiently studied. This study is practical in nature, as its hows the life of Ukrainian rural society in early modern times.

The study analyzes the main categories of the rural population and the processes that took place in the village during this period. These include, in particular, the disintegration of a large patriarchal family, further stratification and pauperization of the Cossacks, enrichment of the Cossack officers at the expense of the ordinary Cossacks, etc., which was typical for the Hetmanate in the eighteenth century. Among the demographic aspects, the author has identified the prevalence of the nuclear family in the still quite patriarchal Cossack environment and the same proportional number of men and women in the local society. In addition, the study identified peculiarities of marriage practices, such as early marriages at the age of 15, relatively close age parameters in most couples, the presence of young children in elderly couples, etc. In terms of ethnicity, we can conclude that there are no representatives of other ethnic groups among the population of Kyselivka. In the social class structure, we note the presence of all classes of Ukrainian society, except for the townspeople.

This publication makes a contribution to the socio-economic, historical, and demographic study of the history of the Hetmanate.

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