The purpose of the paper is the biography, activities, and scientific assets of the Ukrainian neurophysiologist, neurochemist, and Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Volodymyr Volodymyrovich Pravdych-Neminsky. The source base is materials devoted to the activities of V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky, as well as the scientific works of the scientist. V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky devoted 50 years to the development of domestic neurophysiology.

A significant part of V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky’s research was devoted to the study of biopotentials of the central nervous system. The scientist developed and first applied the method of non-invasive (without damaging the skull) objective graphic recording of biopotentials of the cerebral cortex of mammals. He called the new method «electrocerebrography» and published the results in major German physiological journals. It is emphasized here that V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky opened the possibility of using the measurement of brain biopotentials not only in scientific experiments but also in clinical practice for humans.

The German psychiatrist H. Berger, who conducted electroencephalographic studies of the human brain, also recognized the priority and importance of V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky’s research and conclusions. At the same time, he introduced a new term «electroencephalogram», although all the waves that V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky observed in a dog were the same in humans. It has been established that V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky was unable to defend his priority in the above-mentioned research due to his arrest on 5 November 1929 on charges of counter-revolutionary activity. The scientist lost 20 years of productive scientific work because of the stigma of being an «anti-Soviet element» that accompanied him wherever he worked.

It is emphasized that experimental studies and discoveries of scientist have laid the foundations of modern electroencephalography, elecroneuromyography, and biochemistry of the nervous system. V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky proposed the first classification of bioelectrical activity of the brain, developed and improved methods of parallel recording of cerebral cortex biopotentials and cardiovascular tones, and studied the antagonism of ammonium and magnesium ions in the body.

It is proved that with all his research V. V. Pravdych-Neminsky contributed to the comprehensive study of the nature of biopotentials of the central nervous system and thus contributed to the development of neuropsychology of the XX century. It is highly important to preserve the historical memory of this prominent Ukrainian researcher.

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