The article is aimed at highlighting the results of a comprehensive study on the activities of Professor P. M. Mukhachov (1861–1935) of the formation of conditions for the creation of the first scientific school in Ukraine in the field of steam locomotive construction.

The research methodology is based on a combination of methods of both historical science and related fields, the principles of scholarship, historicism, objectivity, complexity and consistency. Historical and biographical, historical and chronological, retrospective research methods and source analysis method were used.

It is shown that at the end of the nineteenth century on the territory of Ukraine there is the birth of the steam locomotive industry, which was associated with the opening of the Kharkiv and Lugansk steam locomotive plants. This required not only engineering, but also scientific personnel. The first foundations for the formation of a scientific school of steam locomotive engineering in the country were laid in at the Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute (KhPTI), and later at the Kharkiv Technological Institute (KhTI) by Professor P. M. Mukhachov. Numerous business trips to domestic and foreign enterprises, experience in practical and pedagogical activity allowed the scientist to organize work on the development of methodological principles of the scientific school of steam locomotive engineering: creation of visual aids, writing and publishing textbooks, aying sets of draftsmen of various steam locomotives, directing diploma design.

It is proved that KhTI in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century not only was the focus of research work in Eastern Ukraine in the field of steam locomotive construction, but also successfully collaborated with machine-building and metallurgical enterprises of the former Russian Empire as well as with other research institutions. The main directions of creation of a scientific school by Professor Petrо Mukhachov are disclosed and its contribution to the research work of KhTI in the field of steam locomotive construction. It is shown that thanks to the persistent work of P. M. Mukhachov and his followers there was a combination of scientific research, implementation in the production of achievements.

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