The article analyzes, systematizes, and evaluates the contribution of the institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR to the development of automation in Ukraine in the 1946–1970s and its implementation in various industries. It summarizes the scientific activities and achievements of research teams at key institutions according to certain conditional stages of their development and activities. At the first stage, in the 1940s and early 1950s, automation focused on restoring and improving the efficiency of key sectors of the economy. Scientists at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR improved the efficiency of power systems and developed automatic voltage regulation schemes. Scientists at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute actively introduced automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding, which had a significant economic effect (in particular, in the construction of the Dashava-Kyiv gas pipeline). The second half of the 1950s to the 1970s was characterized by a systematic approach and intensive development of cybernetics and computing technology. The creation of the scientific publication Avtomatika (1955) and the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1957), which became the Institute of Cybernetics (1961) under the leadership of V. M. Glushkov, were key events. Cybernetic scientists developed the theory of digital automata, the principles of construction and structure of computing machines, and created the Mir and Dnipro computers and automated control systems for industrial enterprises. These works received international recognition. During the same period, specialists at the Gas Institute developed telemechanical systems for gas pipeline dispatching and boiler room automation. Scientists at the Electrodynamics Institute created contactless synchronous motors and automatic regulators for power systems. The staff of the Foundry Production Institute researched integrated automation systems for cupola furnaces. This period became an era of significant achievements that laid the foundation for Ukraine's technological progress, ensuring the transition from partial mechanization to systematic automated production, which remains relevant for innovative development today. The article highlights key innovations, their practical implementation and international recognition, and the contribution of scientific institutions to the technological development of the country's economy.

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