The aim of the study is to clarify the historical and technical significance of the activities of individual scientists and scientific centers in the development of agricultural mechanics and the improvement of agricultural production efficiency at the end of the 19th century. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and systematicity, which involve considering the development of agricultural mechanics in the broad socio-economic and institutional context of the late 19th century. The contribution of leading representatives of Ukrainian agricultural research to the development of agricultural mechanics, the improvement of agricultural machinery, and the introduction of innovative approaches to soil cultivation is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to their scientific, organizational, and educational activities in Galicia, Kyiv, and Kharkiv, as well as the formation of scientific schools and practices of mechanization. The interaction between research farms and educational and scientific institutions, which contributed to the dissemination of advanced technologies and the exchange of professional knowledge, is highlighted. The historical and organizational aspects of the activities of T. Rylsky, K. Shindler, G. Latyshev, and K. Aidukevich, who played a prominent role in popularizing the mechanization of agricultural production, are revealed. It is emphasized that their activities were not only of practical importance, but also contributed to the formation of the conceptual foundations for the development of agricultural science in Ukraine. It has been proven that the contribution of Ukrainian agricultural researchers was an important factor in the modernization of agriculture and the growth of agricultural productivity in the second half of the 19th century. Particular attention is paid to the sociocultural factors of technical innovation implementation, such as interaction between specialists and farmers, adaptation of machinery to regional conditions, and the role of state and public support in the dissemination of mechanization practices. The results of the study deepen our understanding of the historical preconditions for mechanization and the development of agricultural science in Ukraine.

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